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Applied Cryptography

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Read more about the article How to Hash Passwords in 2026: Argon2id, bcrypt and the NIST Baseline

How to Hash Passwords in 2026: Argon2id, bcrypt and the NIST Baseline

  • Post author:Prabhu Kalyan Samal
  • Post published: September 25, 2026
  • Post category:Cryptography & PKI/Security

Argon2id, bcrypt, scrypt and PBKDF2 compared: memory-hardness, OWASP baselines, NIST 800-63B rules, and the perennial mistakes.

Continue ReadingHow to Hash Passwords in 2026: Argon2id, bcrypt and the NIST Baseline
Read more about the article JWT Security: alg=none, Key Confusion and Why the Header Lies

JWT Security: alg=none, Key Confusion and Why the Header Lies

  • Post author:Prabhu Kalyan Samal
  • Post published: September 24, 2026
  • Post category:Security/Web & API Security

The JWT vulnerability class explained: alg=none, RS256/HS256 key confusion, jwk and kid injection — and the RFC 8725 defenses.

Continue ReadingJWT Security: alg=none, Key Confusion and Why the Header Lies
Read more about the article DNSSEC Explained: Chain of Trust, NSEC3 and the October 2026 Root Rollover

DNSSEC Explained: Chain of Trust, NSEC3 and the October 2026 Root Rollover

  • Post author:Prabhu Kalyan Samal
  • Post published: September 19, 2026
  • Post category:Cryptography & PKI/Security

How DNSSEC signs the DNS: RRSIG, DS chains anchored at the root, NSEC3 trade-offs, and the KSK rollover landing October 11, 2026.

Continue ReadingDNSSEC Explained: Chain of Trust, NSEC3 and the October 2026 Root Rollover
Read more about the article Certificate Transparency: How Merkle Logs Ended Blind Trust in CAs

Certificate Transparency: How Merkle Logs Ended Blind Trust in CAs

  • Post author:Prabhu Kalyan Samal
  • Post published: September 17, 2026
  • Post category:Cryptography & PKI/Security

How Certificate Transparency Merkle logs, SCTs and monitors make every TLS certificate publicly auditable — and how they caught Symantec in 2015.

Continue ReadingCertificate Transparency: How Merkle Logs Ended Blind Trust in CAs
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